understanding Criminology

Is one area of ​​science that studies law offenses that occur within the community

Criminology implies that a science which studies crime.

Criminology term etymologically derived from the word crimen (crime) and logos (knowledge or science).

Criminology The term was first used by P.Topinard, a French anthropologist. Crime and its causes has been the subject of a lot of invites speculation, debate, and tetitorialitas, and research among experts and the public. Many theories attempt to explain the problem of evil, although a lot of theories that are influenced by religion, politics, philosophy, and economics.

Criminology experts say:

Rifhi Siddiq

Criminology is a study of the phenomenon and the phenomenon of crime and the causes and consequences of the crime problems in your life which is something.

W.A Bonger

Criminology is the science that aims to investigate the crimes of symptoms as possible.

Sutherland

Criminology is a whole science relating to the commission of crimes as a social phenomena and processes include legal acts, violations of the law and the reaction to the violation of the law.

Wood

Criminology is the overall knowledge gained by theory or experience related to the evil deeds and villains and, therein referred to the reaction of the public against misconduct and criminals.

Noach

Criminology is the science knowledge of misconduct and misconduct involving those engaged in evil behavior and the moral turpitude.

Walter Reckless

Criminology is an understanding in order indiveidu delinkuen behavior and malicious behavior and understanding of the workings of the criminal justice system.

Meanwhile, according to EH Sutherland about his views in terms of criminology, is a set of knowledge that studies crime as a social phenomenon, including in it there is the process of making laws, violation of the Act and his reaction to the violation of the Act.

The philosophy of the ancient Greeks, such as Aristotle and Plato had explained the study of crime in their day, especially the attempt to explain the causes of crime. Although the history of crime in the realm willing criminology newborn in the 19th century, which marked the birth of the crime statistics in France in 1826 or the ditebitkannya book L'uomo Deliguente olehCesare Lombroso in 1876.

In general, the purpose of which is to study Criminology crime from various aspects, so that an understanding of the phenomenon can be obtained with either crime. Criminology and the widespread development of critical thought that studying the process of making laws, for it is important for law students to study Criminology, in order to obtain a good understanding of the phenomenon of crime and legal issues in general.

At a conference on crime and action against Delinkuen which has been organized by the International Organization of Non Govemmental the assistance / participation of the United Nations in Geneva on the date December 17, 1952, which decided that the recommended Criminology courses at university that graduates will be working in the field of Law.

Thought flow in criminology is the worldview (paradigm) which is used by the expert criminologists in view, mananggapi, manafsirkan and explain the phenomenon of crime.

In intellectual history, an explanation of the problem in general can be divided into two basic approaches, namely, the approach Spiritistik (demonologik), and Naturalistic approach, the second approach is an approach in ancient times and in modern times.

Spiritistik approach based on the presence of other power / spirit (spirits). The main elements contained in Spiritistik this approach is that it is through the empirical world (not bound by the limits of material / physical, and operate in ways that are not the subject of control or limited human knowledge).

While Naturalistic approach itself, that is the explanation given in it more detailed and specific nature, as well as look at in terms of objects and events in the world lingkuo material and physical.

When explaining the basic explanation Spiritistik another world to explain what happened, then his own Naturalistic explanations using ideas and interpretation of events kejadin and objects, as well as dealing with the relationship existing world (the real world).

Naturalistic Approach divided into 3 forms of systems thinking and paradigms, namely:

1. Criminology Classic

Criminology classic based on that intelligence and rationality is a fundamental characteristic of human beings, and as well as a basic explanation of human behavior, both individual and group character.

Key advances in criminological classic is the ability of intelligence or intellect that can be improved through training and education, so that people can be able to control himself, both within the community and to yourself.

Crime is defined as the act / offense against the criminal laws, as well as criminals is a term for a person who has committed the crime.

In that case, the task of criminology is to make patterns and test systems that can minimize the punishment of crime. and in the literature contained in criminology, thinking classic (neo classic) and positive ideas that are important in order to understand and try to do something about crime.

Cessare Beccaria (1738-1794).

2. Positive criminology

Positive criminology contrary to the view that human behavior is determined by factors outside its control, either in the form of cultural factors (culture), as well as biological factors.

This means that human beings are not free to follow impulse and intelligence, but it does mean being constrained / determined by the cultural and biological situations. Humans evolved not solely because of intelligence, but also through the process of slowly running out of aspects of cultural evolution and biological aspects.

In the field of Criminology positive flow can be seen as the first formulate and use methodologies, perspectives, and the logic of the natural sciences in studying the behavior / human behavior.

Yanbg real basis of positivism in criminology is the concept of crime because many (multiple factor causation), which are factors that could be called a natural or brought on by human factors and their world, which is largely due to the influence of environmental factors as well as biological factors .

3. Critical Criminology

Critical criminology is critical thinking, or better known in various disciplines, such as in the fields of economics, politics, philosophy and sociology. Critical criminology emerged in recent dasaarsa.

Flow of critical thinking does not attempt to answer the question "whether human behavior is free or determined," but more directed to "study the human processes in building its world in which he lives".

In critical criminology, for example, argues that the phenomenon of crime as a social construction, which means that if society defines certain acts as crimes, then those specific actions that will occur, which may be at any given time to meet limits as a crime.

Critical Criminology study processes whereby certain set of people and actions designated as criminal at the time and place.

Critical Criminology not just studying the behavior of people who are defined as crimes, but also the behavior of law enforcement agencies (social control).

Post title : understanding Criminology
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